The Impact of Diet and Oral Hygiene Practices on Periodontal Disease Progression in Adults

Abstract

Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of the teeth, remains a significant global health concern among adults. Its progression is influenced by various modifiable factors, notably diet and oral hygiene practices. This study investigates the relationship between dietary habits, oral hygiene routines, and the progression of periodontal disease in adults. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving participants aged 18–65, who completed detailed dietary intake questionnaires and oral hygiene practice surveys. Periodontal health was assessed using clinical parameters, including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Results revealed a strong association between poor dietary choices, such as high sugar intake and low consumption of micronutrients like vitamin C and calcium, and increased periodontal inflammation. Additionally, inadequate oral hygiene practices, including irregular brushing, lack of flossing, and infrequent dental visits, were significantly correlated with disease severity. Conversely, participants adhering to balanced diets rich in antioxidants and maintaining consistent oral hygiene routines demonstrated better periodontal health outcomes. The findings emphasize the synergistic role of proper nutrition and effective oral hygiene practices in preventing and managing periodontal disease. Public health initiatives should prioritize education campaigns on dietary awareness and proper oral hygiene techniques to reduce the burden of periodontal disease. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to strengthen causal inferences. This study underscores the importance of integrating dietary counseling and oral hygiene education into routine dental care for improved periodontal health outcomes in adults.